Probably not, actually. In total anarchy, things will revert to a barter economy. You'll trade 5 shotgun shells and 1 chicken for a few pounds of beef, or what have you. Land, and the ability to successfully defend it, will also be at a premium. The most likely "currency" to emerge will be grain -- which can be stored almost indefinitely under the right conditions, and can also feed people and livestock.
Currency as we know it, let alone trading of precious metals, will not return in earnest unless and until civilization is restored.
This is correct.
Commodity-based currencies are actually just as dependent on government support and regulation and fiat currencies -- they just put artificial limits on monetary expansion that result in unfortunate contractionary monetary policies that contributes to deflationary spirals and periods of recession/depression.
Back in the day -- like, before the modern nation state -- people did use metal coins as currency, but archaeological and historical evidence actually points to these being fiat currencies, no different from today's paper money.
Consider, after all, that prior really to the industrial revolution, virtually no one had the skill or ability to issue precise weights of precise amounts of precious metals -- Roman denarii from the same time period, for instance, vary wildly in weight and composition. This indicates that they functioned as tokens representing a fiat currency of the Roman Republic/Empire.
The same goes for essentially all metal coins and currencies up until about the 1500s.
Commodity money, really, is a fairly recent invention, and also a spectacularly stupid one because it ties the size of your money supply to a completely arbitrary number -- the amount of said commodity that you can get your hands on. Fiat currency is far superior, and people who argue otherwise have feeble minds and are easily persuaded by conspiracy theories and quack economics.
Conservative, moderate, liberal, or anywhere between or around those ends of the spectrum, you won't find any serious economist who advocates a return to commodity money. Hell, even the Austrian school generally doesn't push too hard for a return to the gold standard. It's a purely irrational, un-empirical, flat-out-stupid theory pushed by fringe loonies on the right and taken up by the gullible and the uninformed.
And, yes, if you're really worried about the apocalypse, then get yourself a Glock, some penicillin, and some canned beans.