Okay here is my $.02 on golf wear.
I’m not a great golfer – I play to 16.3 hdcp right now, which is good enough that I don’t embarrass myself when golfing. I play about 40 work rounds of golf per year and I have some definite opinions on how to dress on course.
First off you need golf shoes – there is no substitute! White spectators style shoes are pretty common, as are solid black or brown. You’ll also see several sporty models out there that look more like casual shoes (Ecco has some nice ones) – avoid those till you know what you are doing. If you shoes choice comes down to style or comfort, pick comfort unless you plan to play most/all you golf in a power cart.
As for the clothes there seems to be three main golf styles:
“Conservitive” – think fuller cut pants – flat front or pleated, and golf shirts with collars
“European” – thin cut pants, flat fronts, white belts, slim shirts, bolder colours patterns
“Sporty” – pants that have jeans cuts, microfiber shirts, sneaker/casual style shoes – this can be done well but don’t go there yet.
All are "appropriate" on the golf course, but the conservative (could be blended with European look) is the safest choice for work golf for a new golfer and will be allowed at any club I know of. Once you are comfortable on the course you can expand out.
To be more specific – for pants, you can wear shorts as it is rare a course does not allow them and on hot days they are pretty common place even on the private golf courses (check first though). You can wear plaid or a solid, go with a microfiber – avoid cotton as the wrong cotton does not look good for golf. Pants are always a better choice, but don’t wear cotton chino’s. I know others have called them the classic golf pant – but they are not. It is like wearing them to work; people who do not care about style do it all the time, but a wool pant looks much better and is more appropriate. For golf on colder days a wool pant works, but Polyester under names like dry-fit or moister wicking etc. is more common. As polyester pants are machine washable and generally very breathable, these kinds of pants are great for the course.
Again skip the cotton Docker chinos (Dockers does have some inexpensive golf pants though that may be an option for you.)
For tops, avoid the mock turtle neck look and stick with a collared golf shirt. You can grab something polyester (most likely under some trade name) or you can look at the high end cotton shirts – but skip the cheap cotton shirts.
Here a shot of Tiger, Phil and Adam Scott all sporting conservative golf attire:

Adam Scott is worth a Google, he does a great job of having a conservative look but still with great style. If you can emulate his look you are doing well.
I suggest you shop for golf clothes at golf stores and you see some great options very fast. As for brands to look at - J. Lindeberg Golf – is one of the hottest right now – They fall more into the European category, by Adam Scott wears their clothes and he make they look more conservative then some of their other sponsored golfers.
Correction he wear Burberry Also names like Nike, Addidas, Cutter and Buck, Auresus and Ashworth all have some decent offering at more approachable price point.
Here are two more examples.
Jesper doing a European look: Don't go to this look unless you can break par

Davis Love III doing conservitive: Safe as it gets
