I like Lockie a lot, but, full disclosure, their stuff is rather boxy. When it comes to solid knitwear it's pretty easy to get it taken in on the sides or altered to fit. Though I wouldn't trust the operation to a run-of-the-mill seamstress. The spinners that make Lockie stuff are Todd & Duncan. They also spin for many of the remaining higher-end Scottish brands. You can find their yarn at a bargain (granted, single ply) in BB's Scottish knits. Inis Meáin is another spinner that creates great stuff (though I like their wool over their cashmere). You can also check on Johnstons of Elgin, who are likely a notch or two down from T&D in terms of quality, but still quite decent.
In terms of the Italian brands, Cariaggi used to spin for some Cucinelli stuff (though this may have changed). Loro Piana is obviously the most well-known spinner, though they have become a luxury brand in their own right so the prices have risen accordingly. Circa 2006 Avon Celli was using the same spinners now exclusively supplying Hermes (the old name of the mill escapes me), so that was kind of a grail period for their stuff.
In terms of where most of the stuff comes from, the best fibers are harvested in Inner Mongolia. The Erdos Cashmere Group, out of Mongolia, are the chief producers of the raw fibers. From there they are exported to any number of makers to be handled with different treatments/washes.