1: root canals succeed 90-95% of the time. when a dentist performs a root canal, it is taking out all the nerve tissue and bacteria present in the canal space of the tooth. there may be some infection left in the underlying bone, but the source of the infection is gone and now your body can naturally take care of the bacteria. things may be sped up with antibiotics, but the bone around the root tip has undergone some damage. it'll take time to heal completely (some dentists recommend a 1 year recall appt from the date of the root canal to check how it's progressing). there shouldn't be any pain keeping you up at night however.
2: the nerve is probably dead. thus, there can be no pain transmitted because the nerve network is toast. however, it is a source of bacteria and the underlying bone will begin to show symptoms after time. the time varies with each patient because of pain tolerance and the fact that we can't predict the nature of the bacteria (how fast it grows, etc). you don't need to restore it, but teeth behind it will drift forward and teeth opposing it will drift upward/downward into that space. this complicates things if you decide to restore it later. it's possible that the opposing/adjacent tooth may have to be extracted even if it's perfectly fine. there's no danger in letting the teeth drift, but i wouldn't recommend it if you plan to restore it eventually. better sooner than later.
3: the crown is pretty much permanent. dentists take away tooth structure so that the crown will retentive and the crown is put into place with a durable cement. you'll have to keep the margins as clean as you can, but you shouldn't have any problems biting down on the crown unless your bite is really messed up.
4: if you do the root canal and crown it, you shouldn't have any worries on the crown fracturing. this is very rare and usually happens in cases where there is an unusually great amount of force hitting on that tooth. you can bite, chew, etc as you wish, and you shouldn't have any problems with it. again, i add the disclaimer that it is possible if your bite is really messed up.
5: i don't get this question. if you're referring to the tooth that is bombed out and at the gumline, then it is possible that it may have needed a root canal. teeth break and rot over time if you don't take care of your teeth, especially when you have cavities. when you have a cavity, it keeps progressing until the source of the bacteria is gone; hence the need for fillings. regular cleanings, check-ups, and x-rays are an essential part of caring for your teeth.
it's never too late to start, but this may mean that you may end up putting more money into your teeth since you've neglected them for so long. and if you're thinking that you want to just pull all your teeth and have a denture made for you, you are 100% WRONG. you'll never be able to bite into an apple or sandwich (or other hard foods in fact) ever again (you'll have to cut them up into little pieces) as you lose about 90% of your biting force when you switch to dentures. imagine having a piece of plastic stuck to the roof of your mouth. is that something you think is fun? dentures are not like real teeth and you'll hate them. but they are an alternative to having nothing. implants are also an option, but be prepared to pay a pretty penny as implants are not only a long process, but extremely expensive. expect treatment to last about a year at the very least.