I'll chime in to defend the city that I've lived the better part of my life in. A couple of weeks late, but oh well.
1. Kitsilano is pricey but has great access to beaches, plenty of shopping and restaurant options, and proximity to the well heeled meaning clean neighborhoods and lack of typical suburban trash. There are probably some secondary suites floating around that offer a decent rate.
Second choice for me would be between King Edward and Broadway on Main street which houses some great clothing shops ie Joanathan + Olivia, Eugene Choo, Front, etc., a great pub scene, close proximity to the skytrain so you can get to work easily. Indie overload here shouldn't be any worse than it is in Seattle.
Third choice would be the North Shore and West Van, which are amongst the nicest parts of the lower mainland, features gorgeous views of the mountains and is of close proximity to hiking and skiing activities, but both are difficult for commuting to work from. Bridges are often gridlocked; the Seabus is a possible option if you work near a Skytrain station.
Downtown isn't great here in Van. Low class trashy nightclubs, Cordova Street and the decadent Granville strip is a microcosm of society's problems. The waterfront views are nice if you can afford them and shops range from gastown boutiques like Roden Gray to, well, Hermes & Tiffany. Burnaby's only worth living in if you're close to a Skytrain station. Richmond's only worth living in if you're Asian (which I am, and I still don't go there often). I wouldn't bother with any other municipality given all the options.
2. Need minimum 50k to rent on your own here, honestly. If you want to become a future homeowner you'll probably want to look at a combined household income of at least 100k.. without kids. Vancouver has some of the most overpriced real-estate in North America. It's a bit less if you choose to live in Burnaby/Richmond, and even less if you live in seedier parts of New West, Surrey or Coquitlam.
3. If your work is within walking distance to a Skytrain or Canada Line, you shouldn't have to drive to work. Downtown is also perfectly fine by public transit. Any destination that you have to take a connecting bus to should be driven.
4. Not sure what you're asking about wrt leaving Canada. There are tax-free RRSP investments which you can take out for home buying purposes or for future education. There's also the tax free savings accounts or the life insurance tax shelters.